Finance Minister François-Philippe Champagne told reporters yesterday that the government won't be releasing a budget this year. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Finance Minister François-Philippe Champagne told reporters yesterday that the government won't be releasing a budget this year. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Prime Minister Mark Carney, front centre, poses for a photo with Governor General Mary Simon and the members of his core cabinet and team of ministers of state at Rideau Hall on May 13. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
When Prime Minister Mark Carney tapped 28 new cabinet ministers and 10 secretaries of state on May 13, he empowered them to take leadership
Prime Minister Mark Carney, front centre, poses for a photo with Governor General Mary Simon and the members of his core cabinet and team of ministers of state at Rideau Hall on May 13. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
Canadian health care isn’t without its problems, but we are fortunate to have highly skilled, caring providers, up-to-date infrastructure, and excellent researchers, writes Farah Shroff. Unsplash photograph by Maxime Doré
Renewing publicly funded health care that is accessible for all is vital in these times.
Canadian health care isn’t without its problems, but we are fortunate to have highly skilled, caring providers, up-to-date infrastructure, and excellent researchers, writes Farah Shroff. Unsplash photograph by Maxime Doré
Privacy Commissioner Philippe Dufresne said in February that data breaches ‘have surged over the past decade.’ The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
The repercussions of data breaches go beyond compromised personal information, bringing also a broader economic impact.
Privacy Commissioner Philippe Dufresne said in February that data breaches ‘have surged over the past decade.’ The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Prior to the April 28 federal election, Ottawa secured pharmacare agreements with four jurisdictions: British Columbia, Manitoba, the Yukon, and Prince Edward Island.
Prime Minister Mark Carney made a commitment to 'protect the programs that save families thousands of dollars per year, including pharmacare,' during a May 2 press conference in Ottawa. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Prior to the April 28 federal election, Ottawa secured pharmacare agreements with four jurisdictions: British Columbia, Manitoba, the Yukon, and Prince Edward Island.
Prior to the April 28 federal election, Ottawa secured pharmacare agreements with four jurisdictions: British Columbia, Manitoba, the Yukon, and Prince Edward Island.
Prime Minister Mark Carney made a commitment to 'protect the programs that save families thousands of dollars per year, including pharmacare,' during a May 2 press conference in Ottawa. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
In a wide-ranging interview, new Motswana High Commissioner Mpho Churchill Mophuting talks about a deeper relationship with Canada, Ottawa's Africa strategy, and peacekeeping.
The new high commissioner of Botswana, Mpho Churchill Mophuting, left, presented his letter of credence to Governor General Mary Simon on April 29. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
In a wide-ranging interview, new Motswana High Commissioner Mpho Churchill Mophuting talks about a deeper relationship with Canada, Ottawa's Africa strategy, and peacekeeping.
In a wide-ranging interview, new Motswana High Commissioner Mpho Churchill Mophuting talks about a deeper relationship with Canada, Ottawa's Africa strategy, and peacekeeping.
The new high commissioner of Botswana, Mpho Churchill Mophuting, left, presented his letter of credence to Governor General Mary Simon on April 29. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
Prime Minister Mark Carney, left, will have an in-person meeting with Canada’s premiers in Saskatchewan on June 2. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
The prime minister must now prove that ‘experience’ is more than just a campaign slogan, and that he is prepared to unite a divided
Prime Minister Mark Carney, left, will have an in-person meeting with Canada’s premiers in Saskatchewan on June 2. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Prime Minister Mark Carney has a lengthy and complicated to-do list, and his immediate priorities should be to be to invest in defence abroad, and focus on northern sovereignty, writes Andrew Caddell. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
The threats to Canada are many, and as numerous from the inside as from the outside.
Prime Minister Mark Carney has a lengthy and complicated to-do list, and his immediate priorities should be to be to invest in defence abroad, and focus on northern sovereignty, writes Andrew Caddell. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
There’s no way to perfectly plan for an uncertain future, but another major health emergency is likely—and clapping won’t help, writes Michelle Cohen. Unsplash photograph by Martin Sanchez
In a globalized world, pandemics are a national security concern, and being prepared to launch a robust response is essential for the health of
There’s no way to perfectly plan for an uncertain future, but another major health emergency is likely—and clapping won’t help, writes Michelle Cohen. Unsplash photograph by Martin Sanchez
Accessibility to timely care, medications, and life-saving devices remains uneven across jurisdictions, writes Glenn Thibeault. Unsplash photograph by isens usa
Canada needs political will, targeted investment, and a commitment to three fundamental priorities: alignment, accessibility, and affordability.
Accessibility to timely care, medications, and life-saving devices remains uneven across jurisdictions, writes Glenn Thibeault. Unsplash photograph by isens usa
What should be core to a just and effective health-care system is now treated as a luxury—accessible only to those who can afford it, writes Aliki Thomas. Pexels photograph by Kampus Production
Rehabilitation is not a luxury. It is the bridge between medical intervention and meaningful participation in life.
What should be core to a just and effective health-care system is now treated as a luxury—accessible only to those who can afford it, writes Aliki Thomas. Pexels photograph by Kampus Production
Domestic leaders should reject any suggestion that an executive order from a U.S. president can justify abandoning our fundamental commitments to equality, justice, and
Canadian institutions complying with U.S. President Donald Trump’s Day 1 executive order is a serious mistake that sets a very bad precedent, write Jocelyn Downie and Françoise Baylis. Photograph courtesy of Flickr/The White House
Domestic leaders should reject any suggestion that an executive order from a U.S. president can justify abandoning our fundamental commitments to equality, justice, and
Domestic leaders should reject any suggestion that an executive order from a U.S. president can justify abandoning our fundamental commitments to equality, justice, and
Canadian institutions complying with U.S. President Donald Trump’s Day 1 executive order is a serious mistake that sets a very bad precedent, write Jocelyn Downie and Françoise Baylis. Photograph courtesy of Flickr/The White House
Canadian lung charities have solutions worth sharing, but what’s missing is a clear commitment to making lung health a priority at home, write Jessica Buckley and Jeffrey Beach. Unsplash photograph by Robina Weermeijer
Canada should support a landmark WHO resolution addressing the alarming rise in both communicable and non-communicable respiratory diseases.
Canadian lung charities have solutions worth sharing, but what’s missing is a clear commitment to making lung health a priority at home, write Jessica Buckley and Jeffrey Beach. Unsplash photograph by Robina Weermeijer
Asking doctors to ‘come home’ without addressing why they leave implies physicians are to blame, and overlooks systemic barriers like poor job opportunities for
The creation of Health Workforce Canada is a good first step. Next, affected specialties like surgeons must be represented, writes Abrar Ahmed. Unsplash photograph by National Cancer Institute
Asking doctors to ‘come home’ without addressing why they leave implies physicians are to blame, and overlooks systemic barriers like poor job opportunities for
Asking doctors to ‘come home’ without addressing why they leave implies physicians are to blame, and overlooks systemic barriers like poor job opportunities for
The creation of Health Workforce Canada is a good first step. Next, affected specialties like surgeons must be represented, writes Abrar Ahmed. Unsplash photograph by National Cancer Institute
Prime Minister Mark Carney, right, and Transport and Internal Trade Minister Chrystia Freeland at the May 13 cabinet shuffle at Rideau Hall. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
Prime Minister Mark Carney says his team is focused on growing an economy that 'is resilient in the face of economic shock,' and put
Prime Minister Mark Carney, right, and Transport and Internal Trade Minister Chrystia Freeland at the May 13 cabinet shuffle at Rideau Hall. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
Prime Minister Mark Carney held his first post-election press conference in the National Press Theatre in Ottawa on May 2. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Plus, Liberal Tatiana Auguste’s win in Terrebonne, Que., brings the count of former staffers turned first-time MPs to at least eight.
Prime Minister Mark Carney held his first post-election press conference in the National Press Theatre in Ottawa on May 2. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Some of the new members of cabinet include returning members, clockwise from left: Anita Anand, David McGuinty, François-Philippe Champagne, and Mélanie Joly, as well as rookie MPs Tim Hodgson, Evan Solomon, Eleanor Olszewski, and Rebecca Chartrand. The Hill Times photographs by Andrew Meade, Sam Garcia, and courtesy of LinkedIn and the Liberal Party of Canada
In a major cabinet shakeup, Prime Minister Mark Carney named two dozen new faces to his senior team—made up of 28 ministers tackling the
Some of the new members of cabinet include returning members, clockwise from left: Anita Anand, David McGuinty, François-Philippe Champagne, and Mélanie Joly, as well as rookie MPs Tim Hodgson, Evan Solomon, Eleanor Olszewski, and Rebecca Chartrand. The Hill Times photographs by Andrew Meade, Sam Garcia, and courtesy of LinkedIn and the Liberal Party of Canada
Well-designed volunteer opportunities can foster a sense of connection, and offer a meaningful outlet for veterans to apply their unique skills and values in
Volunteering is about giving back to the community, which strongly aligns to the sense of duty and service that military members develop during their careers, writes Alyson Mahar. Pexels photograph by Kampus Production
Well-designed volunteer opportunities can foster a sense of connection, and offer a meaningful outlet for veterans to apply their unique skills and values in
Well-designed volunteer opportunities can foster a sense of connection, and offer a meaningful outlet for veterans to apply their unique skills and values in
Volunteering is about giving back to the community, which strongly aligns to the sense of duty and service that military members develop during their careers, writes Alyson Mahar. Pexels photograph by Kampus Production
Prime Minister Mark Carney, front centre, poses for a photo with Governor General Mary Simon and the members of his core cabinet and team of ministers of state at Rideau Hall on May 13. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
In a major shakeup, Prime Minister Mark Carney named 16 new faces to his 28-member cabinet, but kept a dozen Trudeau-era ministers in his
Prime Minister Mark Carney, front centre, poses for a photo with Governor General Mary Simon and the members of his core cabinet and team of ministers of state at Rideau Hall on May 13. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
True reconciliation requires co-developing distinctions-based tools like tariff relief, investment supports, and procurement reform, writes Métis National Council president Victoria Pruden. Photograph courtesy of the Métis National Council
The Métis played a crucial role in the founding of this country and its economy, yet too often we are treated as the forgotten
True reconciliation requires co-developing distinctions-based tools like tariff relief, investment supports, and procurement reform, writes Métis National Council president Victoria Pruden. Photograph courtesy of the Métis National Council
As Prime Minister Mark Carney, right, begins his tough negotiations with U.S. President Donald Trump, will he comply like his predecessor did in CUSMA, or resist to protect Canada’s sovereignty, asks Wenran Jiang. White House photograph by Gabriel B Kotico
Those trapped in rigid binaries risk becoming collateral damage in a conflict that transcends borders, ideologies, and even economics itself.
As Prime Minister Mark Carney, right, begins his tough negotiations with U.S. President Donald Trump, will he comply like his predecessor did in CUSMA, or resist to protect Canada’s sovereignty, asks Wenran Jiang. White House photograph by Gabriel B Kotico
Naturopathic doctors are a key part of a holistic, modern health-care system, providing evidence-based care that intentionally holds space for traditional knowledge, write Gemma Beierback, and Jenny Gardipy. Unsplash photograph by Content Pixie
Naturopathic care offers a proven approach to addressing health-care crises disproportionately affecting Indigenous people.
Naturopathic doctors are a key part of a holistic, modern health-care system, providing evidence-based care that intentionally holds space for traditional knowledge, write Gemma Beierback, and Jenny Gardipy. Unsplash photograph by Content Pixie
OTTAWA—On Oct. 12, Minister of National Defence Anita Anand announced that Canada would be providing an additional $15.2-million worth of military aid to Ukraine.
Defence Minister Anita Anand’s latest announcement was for more Canadian equipment for the Ukrainian military, but it will only be a matter of time before the shortages of weapons, uniforms, and training seriously erodes the combat proficiency of our Army, writes Scott Taylor. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
OTTAWA—On Oct. 12, Minister of National Defence Anita Anand announced that Canada would be providing an additional $15.2-million worth of military aid to Ukraine.
OTTAWA—On Oct. 12, Minister of National Defence Anita Anand announced that Canada would be providing an additional $15.2-million worth of military aid to Ukraine.
Defence Minister Anita Anand’s latest announcement was for more Canadian equipment for the Ukrainian military, but it will only be a matter of time before the shortages of weapons, uniforms, and training seriously erodes the combat proficiency of our Army, writes Scott Taylor. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland's response to a young Black man who worked for the African Development Bank at a Brookings Institution’s event in Washington, D.C., on Oct. 10 was a display of anti-Blackness, writes Erica Ifill. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
OTTAWA—“They invite you then mistreat you.” Those are the words of the tweet thread by Dr. Ahmed Ogwell Ouma, the acting director of the
Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland's response to a young Black man who worked for the African Development Bank at a Brookings Institution’s event in Washington, D.C., on Oct. 10 was a display of anti-Blackness, writes Erica Ifill. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
The RCMP is investigating a threat made against the Russian Embassy and Ambassador Oleg Stepanov as Global Affairs says it takes its diplomatic protection
RCMP officers gather outside the Turkish Embassy in 2018 amid a protest during the 103rd Anniversary of the Armenian Genocide. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
The RCMP is investigating a threat made against the Russian Embassy and Ambassador Oleg Stepanov as Global Affairs says it takes its diplomatic protection
The RCMP is investigating a threat made against the Russian Embassy and Ambassador Oleg Stepanov as Global Affairs says it takes its diplomatic protection
RCMP officers gather outside the Turkish Embassy in 2018 amid a protest during the 103rd Anniversary of the Armenian Genocide. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
Tsuruga, Japan, Mayor Takanobu Fuchikami was in Ottawa sharing the story of his port city's contribution to the rescue of thousands of Jewish people during the Holocaust. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
The mayor of a Japanese port city was in Ottawa last week to mark the work of a war-time diplomat who saved thousands of
Tsuruga, Japan, Mayor Takanobu Fuchikami was in Ottawa sharing the story of his port city's contribution to the rescue of thousands of Jewish people during the Holocaust. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh and journalist Shruti Shekar dance at the 2018 Parliamentary Press Gallery Dinner. The event returns after a COVID-19 hiatus at the Canadian Museum of History on Oct. 22. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
WEDNESDAY, OCT. 19 House Sitting—The House is back and will sit for three straight weeks, Oct. 17-Nov. 4. It will take a one-week break,
NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh and journalist Shruti Shekar dance at the 2018 Parliamentary Press Gallery Dinner. The event returns after a COVID-19 hiatus at the Canadian Museum of History on Oct. 22. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
NDP MP Heather McPherson attends a House Foreign Affairs and International Development Committee meeting on Sept. 26. The committee is set to deliver a report later this fall on its study of vaccine equity and intellectual property. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
At a May 9 meeting of the House Foreign Affairs and International Development Committee, NDP MP Heather McPherson has only a few seconds left
NDP MP Heather McPherson attends a House Foreign Affairs and International Development Committee meeting on Sept. 26. The committee is set to deliver a report later this fall on its study of vaccine equity and intellectual property. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, pictured walking on Parliament Hill. A demonstration is planned on the Hill today at noon in support of a Trudeau government bill to create a new disability benefit. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Good Wednesday morning, There will be some extra life on Parliament Hill today. The group Disability without Poverty is holding a rally on the
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, pictured walking on Parliament Hill. A demonstration is planned on the Hill today at noon in support of a Trudeau government bill to create a new disability benefit. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
OTTAWA—Without intending any disrespect for Ontario Court of Appeal Justice Paul Rouleau, one has to wonder when he opened the Emergencies Act inquiry with
Convoy organizer Tamara Lich, centre, arrives for the Public Emergency Order Commission public hearing with lawyers Eva Chipiuk, left, and Keith Wilson at Library and Archives Canada in Ottawa on Oct. 13. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
OTTAWA—Without intending any disrespect for Ontario Court of Appeal Justice Paul Rouleau, one has to wonder when he opened the Emergencies Act inquiry with
OTTAWA—Without intending any disrespect for Ontario Court of Appeal Justice Paul Rouleau, one has to wonder when he opened the Emergencies Act inquiry with
Convoy organizer Tamara Lich, centre, arrives for the Public Emergency Order Commission public hearing with lawyers Eva Chipiuk, left, and Keith Wilson at Library and Archives Canada in Ottawa on Oct. 13. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Political finger-pointing is in full swing as witness testimony at the inquiry into the federal government’s Feb. 14 invocation of the Emergencies Act continues,
Victoria De La Ronde, left, and Zexi Li appear as witnesses before the Public Emergency Order Commission at Library and Archives Canada in Ottawa on Oct. 14, saying they felt 'abandoned' and that they were 'trapped' in their homes while living in downtown Ottawa during the Freedom Convoy's winter occupation. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Political finger-pointing is in full swing as witness testimony at the inquiry into the federal government’s Feb. 14 invocation of the Emergencies Act continues,
Political finger-pointing is in full swing as witness testimony at the inquiry into the federal government’s Feb. 14 invocation of the Emergencies Act continues,
Victoria De La Ronde, left, and Zexi Li appear as witnesses before the Public Emergency Order Commission at Library and Archives Canada in Ottawa on Oct. 14, saying they felt 'abandoned' and that they were 'trapped' in their homes while living in downtown Ottawa during the Freedom Convoy's winter occupation. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Dr. Najma Ahmed will represent Canadian Doctors for Protection from Guns at a meeting of the House Public Safety Committee today, one of six groups that will testify as part of a study on the government's latest gun control bill. Photograph courtesy of Canadian Doctors for Protection from Guns
Good Tuesday morning, It’s a busy one today. There’s plenty of action at House and Senate committees, and Foreign Minister MÉLANIE JOLY may give
Dr. Najma Ahmed will represent Canadian Doctors for Protection from Guns at a meeting of the House Public Safety Committee today, one of six groups that will testify as part of a study on the government's latest gun control bill. Photograph courtesy of Canadian Doctors for Protection from Guns
A Senate public bill would help Canadian consumers have more confidence in the products they purchase by encouraging corporations to take actions that will
Bill S-211, Fighting Against Forced Labour and Child Labour in Supply Chains Act, is being studied by the House Foreign Affairs and International Development Committee. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
A Senate public bill would help Canadian consumers have more confidence in the products they purchase by encouraging corporations to take actions that will
A Senate public bill would help Canadian consumers have more confidence in the products they purchase by encouraging corporations to take actions that will
Bill S-211, Fighting Against Forced Labour and Child Labour in Supply Chains Act, is being studied by the House Foreign Affairs and International Development Committee. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Imagine having a disability and navigating societal barriers on a daily basis. Then, imagine adding the barriers that poverty brings, compounding the sense of
Disability Inclusion Minister Carla Qualtrough, right, with Deputy Prime Minister Chrystia Freeland in August 2020. Following the introduction of Bill C-22, disabled Canadians felt heard and validated after feeling left behind by the government’s ableist responses to the pandemic, writes Rabia Khedr. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Imagine having a disability and navigating societal barriers on a daily basis. Then, imagine adding the barriers that poverty brings, compounding the sense of
Imagine having a disability and navigating societal barriers on a daily basis. Then, imagine adding the barriers that poverty brings, compounding the sense of
Disability Inclusion Minister Carla Qualtrough, right, with Deputy Prime Minister Chrystia Freeland in August 2020. Following the introduction of Bill C-22, disabled Canadians felt heard and validated after feeling left behind by the government’s ableist responses to the pandemic, writes Rabia Khedr. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
LONDON, U.K.—Italy is getting nervous. The United Kingdom’s Conservative Party (a.k.a. the Tories) has now been led by four different prime ministers in only
The latest Tory prime minister, Liz Truss, is likely to be overthrown by her party’s own rebellious Members of Parliament by the end of this month, writes Gwynne Dyer. No. 10 Downing Street photograph courtesy of Simon Dawson
LONDON, U.K.—Italy is getting nervous. The United Kingdom’s Conservative Party (a.k.a. the Tories) has now been led by four different prime ministers in only
LONDON, U.K.—Italy is getting nervous. The United Kingdom’s Conservative Party (a.k.a. the Tories) has now been led by four different prime ministers in only
The latest Tory prime minister, Liz Truss, is likely to be overthrown by her party’s own rebellious Members of Parliament by the end of this month, writes Gwynne Dyer. No. 10 Downing Street photograph courtesy of Simon Dawson
Canada needs to bolster local food producers, particularly women, to grow a variety of nutritious foods that would contribute to healthy diets, write Nyambura Githaiga and Carol Thiessen. Photograph courtesy of Pexels
Oct. 16 marked 43 years since the establishment of World Food Day. Yet in 2022, the world is hungrier than ever, with hundreds of
Canada needs to bolster local food producers, particularly women, to grow a variety of nutritious foods that would contribute to healthy diets, write Nyambura Githaiga and Carol Thiessen. Photograph courtesy of Pexels
New Alberta Premier Danielle Smith may be able to harness the power of conservatism in Alberta to win, but given the missteps of her first few days in office, that seems unlikely, writes Sheila Copps. The Hill Times file photograph by Jake Wright
OTTAWA—#ableg has taken on a whole new meeting in the Twitter world. It used to be a hashtag for the Alberta legislature. Now it
New Alberta Premier Danielle Smith may be able to harness the power of conservatism in Alberta to win, but given the missteps of her first few days in office, that seems unlikely, writes Sheila Copps. The Hill Times file photograph by Jake Wright
Indigenous women, pictured Feb. 24, 2020, protesting against the Coastal Gas pipeline. In a sample of more than 21,000 women in leadership positions in corporate Canada, fewer than one per cent of c-suite roles are held by Indigenous women, according to the 2022 Annual Report Card on Gender Diversity and Leadership by the Prosperity Project. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
OTTAWA—Where are all the Indigenous women in c-suite offices? In a sample of more than 21,000 women in leadership positions in corporate Canada, fewer
Indigenous women, pictured Feb. 24, 2020, protesting against the Coastal Gas pipeline. In a sample of more than 21,000 women in leadership positions in corporate Canada, fewer than one per cent of c-suite roles are held by Indigenous women, according to the 2022 Annual Report Card on Gender Diversity and Leadership by the Prosperity Project. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
By putting visible minority MPs in top caucus leadership posts, Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre is targeting swing ridings in major urban centres—traditionally Liberal territory—which
Conservative Party Leader Pierre Poilievre, left, and now top Conservative MPs Tim Uppal, Melissa Lantsman, Jasraj Hallan, and Leslyn Lewis. The Hill Times photographs by Andrew Meade and handouts
By putting visible minority MPs in top caucus leadership posts, Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre is targeting swing ridings in major urban centres—traditionally Liberal territory—which
By putting visible minority MPs in top caucus leadership posts, Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre is targeting swing ridings in major urban centres—traditionally Liberal territory—which
Conservative Party Leader Pierre Poilievre, left, and now top Conservative MPs Tim Uppal, Melissa Lantsman, Jasraj Hallan, and Leslyn Lewis. The Hill Times photographs by Andrew Meade and handouts
