Monday, June 30, 2025

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Monday, June 30, 2025 | Latest Paper

Stuart J. Whitley

Opinion | BY ERROL MENDES | June 30, 2025
U.S. President Donald Trump, left, greets Prime Minister Mark Carney outside of the White House in Washington, D.C., on May 6, 2025. Trump may be choosing to first threaten Canada over its digital services tax in order to scare European countries with the same plan, writes Errol P. Mendes. Official White House photograph courtesy of Gabriel B. Kotico
Opinion | BY ERROL MENDES | June 30, 2025
Opinion | BY ERROL MENDES | June 30, 2025
U.S. President Donald Trump, left, greets Prime Minister Mark Carney outside of the White House in Washington, D.C., on May 6, 2025. Trump may be choosing to first threaten Canada over its digital services tax in order to scare European countries with the same plan, writes Errol P. Mendes. Official White House photograph courtesy of Gabriel B. Kotico
Opinion | BY SCOTT TAYLOR | June 30, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney, left, with U.S. President Donald Trump at the recent G7 Summit in Alberta. Carney has indicated that defence infrastructure investment could include things like the development of Canada's critical minerals, notes Scott Taylor. Photograph courtesy of the Government of Canada
Opinion | BY SCOTT TAYLOR | June 30, 2025
Opinion | BY SCOTT TAYLOR | June 30, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney, left, with U.S. President Donald Trump at the recent G7 Summit in Alberta. Carney has indicated that defence infrastructure investment could include things like the development of Canada's critical minerals, notes Scott Taylor. Photograph courtesy of the Government of Canada
Opinion | BY GWYNNE DYER | June 30, 2025
Thai Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra, left, is facing calls for her resignation after a leaked phone call with Cambodia’s Hun Sen. Photographs courtesy of Wikimedia Commons
Opinion | BY GWYNNE DYER | June 30, 2025
Opinion | BY GWYNNE DYER | June 30, 2025
Thai Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra, left, is facing calls for her resignation after a leaked phone call with Cambodia’s Hun Sen. Photographs courtesy of Wikimedia Commons
Opinion | BY ROSE LEMAY | June 30, 2025
Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney holds his first post-election press conference in the National Press Theatre on May 2, 2025. Carney appears to have a capacity for risk, and is expected to demand the same of the public service, writes Rose LeMay. This will have to include proper consequences for bureaucrats who make bad decisions. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY ROSE LEMAY | June 30, 2025
Opinion | BY ROSE LEMAY | June 30, 2025
Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney holds his first post-election press conference in the National Press Theatre on May 2, 2025. Carney appears to have a capacity for risk, and is expected to demand the same of the public service, writes Rose LeMay. This will have to include proper consequences for bureaucrats who make bad decisions. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY TESSIE SANCI | June 30, 2025
Theresa Tam
Dr. Theresa Tam was Canada’s chief public health officer between June 26, 2017, and June 20, 2025. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY TESSIE SANCI | June 30, 2025
News | BY TESSIE SANCI | June 30, 2025
Theresa Tam
Dr. Theresa Tam was Canada’s chief public health officer between June 26, 2017, and June 20, 2025. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY JAMIE CARROLL | June 30, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney
In a press conference on June 20, 2025, in the West Block, Prime Minister Mark Carney, centre, said his government would organize full-day summits with Indigenous rights holders, leadership and experts, that will take place this summer, to discuss Bill C-5. Indigenous Services Minister Mandy Gull-Masty, left, also spoke at the press conference. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY JAMIE CARROLL | June 30, 2025
Opinion | BY JAMIE CARROLL | June 30, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney
In a press conference on June 20, 2025, in the West Block, Prime Minister Mark Carney, centre, said his government would organize full-day summits with Indigenous rights holders, leadership and experts, that will take place this summer, to discuss Bill C-5. Indigenous Services Minister Mandy Gull-Masty, left, also spoke at the press conference. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY MICHAEL HARRIS | June 30, 2025
If tolerance of others sets Canadians apart from Americans like U.S. President Donald Trump, this country’s national priorities also have a story to tell, writes Michael Harris. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
Opinion | BY MICHAEL HARRIS | June 30, 2025
Opinion | BY MICHAEL HARRIS | June 30, 2025
If tolerance of others sets Canadians apart from Americans like U.S. President Donald Trump, this country’s national priorities also have a story to tell, writes Michael Harris. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
Opinion | BY GERRY NICHOLLS | June 30, 2025
Ontario Premier Doug Ford will soon face some friendly fire, writes Gerry Nicholls. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY GERRY NICHOLLS | June 30, 2025
Opinion | BY GERRY NICHOLLS | June 30, 2025
Ontario Premier Doug Ford will soon face some friendly fire, writes Gerry Nicholls. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY SHEILA COPPS | June 30, 2025
People at the Canada Day celebration in Ottawa on July 1, 2023. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
Opinion | BY SHEILA COPPS | June 30, 2025
Opinion | BY SHEILA COPPS | June 30, 2025
People at the Canada Day celebration in Ottawa on July 1, 2023. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
Opinion | BY SUSAN RILEY | June 30, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney is still doing well in public opinion polls, despite some of his controversial and contentious moves, so far, Susan Riley writes. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY SUSAN RILEY | June 30, 2025
Opinion | BY SUSAN RILEY | June 30, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney is still doing well in public opinion polls, despite some of his controversial and contentious moves, so far, Susan Riley writes. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
People pictured on July 1, 2023, at the Canada Day festivities at LeBreton Flats in Ottawa. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
People pictured on July 1, 2023, at the Canada Day festivities at LeBreton Flats in Ottawa. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
Opinion | BY ERIKA SIMPSON, GORDON EDWARDS | June 29, 2025
Atomic bomb mushroom clouds pictured over Hiroshima, Japan, on Aug. 6, 1945, left, and over Nagasaki, Japan, on Aug. 9, 1945. Images courtesy Wikimedia Commons
Opinion | BY ERIKA SIMPSON, GORDON EDWARDS | June 29, 2025
Opinion | BY ERIKA SIMPSON, GORDON EDWARDS | June 29, 2025
Atomic bomb mushroom clouds pictured over Hiroshima, Japan, on Aug. 6, 1945, left, and over Nagasaki, Japan, on Aug. 9, 1945. Images courtesy Wikimedia Commons
News | BY RIDDHI KACHHELA | June 27, 2025
Leaders from NATO countries, including Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney, bottom left, assembled for the summit in The Hague on June 24 and 25.  Photograph courtesy of the PMO/X
News | BY RIDDHI KACHHELA | June 27, 2025
News | BY RIDDHI KACHHELA | June 27, 2025
Leaders from NATO countries, including Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney, bottom left, assembled for the summit in The Hague on June 24 and 25.  Photograph courtesy of the PMO/X
News | BY MARLO GLASS | June 27, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney is reportedly willing to discipline top bureaucrats who aren’t meeting his standards and delivering on his 'nation-building' agenda. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY MARLO GLASS | June 27, 2025
News | BY MARLO GLASS | June 27, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney is reportedly willing to discipline top bureaucrats who aren’t meeting his standards and delivering on his 'nation-building' agenda. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY DAVID CRANE | June 27, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney, left, and Finance Minister François-Philippe Champagne at a press conference in the West Block on June 19, 2025. The challenge for the Carney government is to get Canada's banks and other financial institutions to think beyond pipelines to new sources of economic growth that are based on ideas, writes David Crane. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY DAVID CRANE | June 27, 2025
Opinion | BY DAVID CRANE | June 27, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney, left, and Finance Minister François-Philippe Champagne at a press conference in the West Block on June 19, 2025. The challenge for the Carney government is to get Canada's banks and other financial institutions to think beyond pipelines to new sources of economic growth that are based on ideas, writes David Crane. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
FeatureBY PETER MAZEREEUW | June 26, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney. In his new book, Andrew Coyne says he tries to show that centralized power is ‘worse here than in other countries.’
FeatureBY PETER MAZEREEUW | June 26, 2025
FeatureBY PETER MAZEREEUW | June 26, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney. In his new book, Andrew Coyne says he tries to show that centralized power is ‘worse here than in other countries.’
News | BY ELEANOR WAND | June 26, 2025
Wildfire in Nopiming
Wildfires burning across the country, including in Manitoba, pictured, have experts and governments looking to solutions to improve future wildfire responses. Photograph courtesy of the Government of Manitoba
News | BY ELEANOR WAND | June 26, 2025
News | BY ELEANOR WAND | June 26, 2025
Wildfire in Nopiming
Wildfires burning across the country, including in Manitoba, pictured, have experts and governments looking to solutions to improve future wildfire responses. Photograph courtesy of the Government of Manitoba
News | BY MARLO GLASS | June 26, 2025
Incoming Privy Council Office Clerk Michael Sabia, pictured during his Nov. 17, 2022, testimony before the Public Emergency Order Commission, is expected to shake up the ranks of the civil service after he takes over his new role on July 7. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY MARLO GLASS | June 26, 2025
News | BY MARLO GLASS | June 26, 2025
Incoming Privy Council Office Clerk Michael Sabia, pictured during his Nov. 17, 2022, testimony before the Public Emergency Order Commission, is expected to shake up the ranks of the civil service after he takes over his new role on July 7. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY ANDREW ERSKINE | June 26, 2025
Defence Minister David McGuinty should consider developing a comprehensive Arctic archipelagic defence concept that would shift attention towards Canada’s land domain, writes Andrew Erskine. Ottawa has already invested heavily in its air and maritime capabilities. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY ANDREW ERSKINE | June 26, 2025
Opinion | BY ANDREW ERSKINE | June 26, 2025
Defence Minister David McGuinty should consider developing a comprehensive Arctic archipelagic defence concept that would shift attention towards Canada’s land domain, writes Andrew Erskine. Ottawa has already invested heavily in its air and maritime capabilities. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Senators will have one more chance to weigh in on the government's major projects fast-track bill when third reading debate begins today. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Senators will have one more chance to weigh in on the government's major projects fast-track bill when third reading debate begins today. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY ERIKA SIMPSON | June 25, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney could have resisted NATO’s increasingly militarized path. Instead, his increased spending pledge entrenches Canada deeper within the orbit of U.S. defence interests, writes Erika Simpson. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY ERIKA SIMPSON | June 25, 2025
Opinion | BY ERIKA SIMPSON | June 25, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney could have resisted NATO’s increasingly militarized path. Instead, his increased spending pledge entrenches Canada deeper within the orbit of U.S. defence interests, writes Erika Simpson. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY RAM MATHILAKATH | June 25, 2025
Karen Hogan
One of Auditor General Karen Hogan’s latest reports found that the F-35 procurement jumped $8.7-billion over the budget outlined two years before. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY RAM MATHILAKATH | June 25, 2025
Opinion | BY RAM MATHILAKATH | June 25, 2025
Karen Hogan
One of Auditor General Karen Hogan’s latest reports found that the F-35 procurement jumped $8.7-billion over the budget outlined two years before. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
FeatureBY STUART BENSON | June 25, 2025
Pianist Tamás Török performs for an intimate fundraising dinner and recital at Hungarian Ambassador Mária Vass-Salazar's official residence on June 20. The Hill Times photographs by Sam Garcia
FeatureBY STUART BENSON | June 25, 2025
FeatureBY STUART BENSON | June 25, 2025
Pianist Tamás Török performs for an intimate fundraising dinner and recital at Hungarian Ambassador Mária Vass-Salazar's official residence on June 20. The Hill Times photographs by Sam Garcia
News | BY NEIL MOSS | June 25, 2025
Bloc Québécois Leader Yves-François Blanchet introduced Bill C-202 in the early days of the new Parliament after a previous version died on the Order Paper in the last one. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY NEIL MOSS | June 25, 2025
News | BY NEIL MOSS | June 25, 2025
Bloc Québécois Leader Yves-François Blanchet introduced Bill C-202 in the early days of the new Parliament after a previous version died on the Order Paper in the last one. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Orange Shirt Day founder Phyllis Webstad will facilitate a dialogue around the Indian Residential School system, education, awareness, and healing at Library and Archives Canada on June 26. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
Orange Shirt Day founder Phyllis Webstad will facilitate a dialogue around the Indian Residential School system, education, awareness, and healing at Library and Archives Canada on June 26. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
Prime Minister Mark Carney, left, and Housing Minister Gregor Robertson committed to bring in a housing plan with a level of ambition not seen since the Second World War, write Housing Canada Coalition representatives. The Hill Times photographs by Andrew Meade and Sam Garcia
Prime Minister Mark Carney, left, and Housing Minister Gregor Robertson committed to bring in a housing plan with a level of ambition not seen since the Second World War, write Housing Canada Coalition representatives. The Hill Times photographs by Andrew Meade and Sam Garcia
Opinion | November 11, 2024
Opinion | November 11, 2024
Opinion | November 11, 2024
Opinion | BY FEN OSLER HAMPSON, LLOYD AXWORTHY | November 11, 2024
India's High Commissioner to Canada, Sanjay Kumar Verma, pictured in Ottawa, was expelled last month along with five other Indian diplomats after Prime Minister Justin Trudeau linked them to the murder of Sikh separatist leader Hardeep Singh Nijjar in B.C. India denies the accusations. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY FEN OSLER HAMPSON, LLOYD AXWORTHY | November 11, 2024
Opinion | BY FEN OSLER HAMPSON, LLOYD AXWORTHY | November 11, 2024
India's High Commissioner to Canada, Sanjay Kumar Verma, pictured in Ottawa, was expelled last month along with five other Indian diplomats after Prime Minister Justin Trudeau linked them to the murder of Sikh separatist leader Hardeep Singh Nijjar in B.C. India denies the accusations. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY JESSE CNOCKAERT | November 10, 2024
Lobbying Commissioner Nancy Bélanger testifies at the House Ethics Committee on Nov. 5, as members considered whether to renew her term. ParlVu screencapture
News | BY JESSE CNOCKAERT | November 10, 2024
News | BY JESSE CNOCKAERT | November 10, 2024
Lobbying Commissioner Nancy Bélanger testifies at the House Ethics Committee on Nov. 5, as members considered whether to renew her term. ParlVu screencapture
News | BY SOPHALL DUCH | November 9, 2024
David Pugliese
Ottawa Citizen reporter David Pugliese said ex-Conservative cabinet minister Chris Alexander 'falsely claimed that I had been recruited as a Russian spy' at the Standing Committee on Public Safety and National Security on Nov. 7. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY SOPHALL DUCH | November 9, 2024
News | BY SOPHALL DUCH | November 9, 2024
David Pugliese
Ottawa Citizen reporter David Pugliese said ex-Conservative cabinet minister Chris Alexander 'falsely claimed that I had been recruited as a Russian spy' at the Standing Committee on Public Safety and National Security on Nov. 7. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY PETER MAZEREEUW | November 8, 2024
Dominic Cardy
The Canadian Future Party's interim leader Dominic Cardy, right, and Tara McPhail, interim national council president, hold a press conference at the National Press Theatre on Aug. 14, 2024. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY PETER MAZEREEUW | November 8, 2024
News | BY PETER MAZEREEUW | November 8, 2024
Dominic Cardy
The Canadian Future Party's interim leader Dominic Cardy, right, and Tara McPhail, interim national council president, hold a press conference at the National Press Theatre on Aug. 14, 2024. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY IREM KOCA | November 8, 2024
CSG Senator Jim Quinn highlighted concerns over potential changes in contract values during the procurement of goods or services, which could result in escalation of prices. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY IREM KOCA | November 8, 2024
News | BY IREM KOCA | November 8, 2024
CSG Senator Jim Quinn highlighted concerns over potential changes in contract values during the procurement of goods or services, which could result in escalation of prices. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY IAN CAMPBELL | November 8, 2024
Francois Legault
In September, Quebec Premier François Legault's government issued a directive to prosecutors telling them not to pursue charges against medical practitioners who fulfill advance requests for MAID as of Oct. 30. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY IAN CAMPBELL | November 8, 2024
News | BY IAN CAMPBELL | November 8, 2024
Francois Legault
In September, Quebec Premier François Legault's government issued a directive to prosecutors telling them not to pursue charges against medical practitioners who fulfill advance requests for MAID as of Oct. 30. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Justin Trudeau
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau will attend two back-to-back fundraisers in Vancouver today. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Justin Trudeau
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau will attend two back-to-back fundraisers in Vancouver today. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY BHAGWANT SANDHU | November 7, 2024
Donald Trump, left, and President Vladimir Putin.
Donald Trump, left, has a soft spot for Russian President Vladimir Putin, who, like the incoming U.S. president, also exudes an air of despotic edginess. Trump has barely discussed foreign policy, making it very difficult to predict his plans, writes Bhagwant Sandhu. Photographs courtesy of Wikimedia Commons
Opinion | BY BHAGWANT SANDHU | November 7, 2024
Opinion | BY BHAGWANT SANDHU | November 7, 2024
Donald Trump, left, and President Vladimir Putin.
Donald Trump, left, has a soft spot for Russian President Vladimir Putin, who, like the incoming U.S. president, also exudes an air of despotic edginess. Trump has barely discussed foreign policy, making it very difficult to predict his plans, writes Bhagwant Sandhu. Photographs courtesy of Wikimedia Commons
Opinion | BY GEORGE SOULE | November 7, 2024
If you believe that every politician lies and the system is against you, then backing that guy who speaks directly to you—such as Donald Trump—starts to make more sense, writes George Soule. Photograph courtesy of The White House/Shealah Craighead
Opinion | BY GEORGE SOULE | November 7, 2024
Opinion | BY GEORGE SOULE | November 7, 2024
If you believe that every politician lies and the system is against you, then backing that guy who speaks directly to you—such as Donald Trump—starts to make more sense, writes George Soule. Photograph courtesy of The White House/Shealah Craighead
Opinion | BY CATHERINE CORRIVEAU | November 7, 2024
Stéphane Perrault
Canada's Chief Electoral Officer Stephane Perrault. Recent Elections Canada research shows that Canadians place strong trust in their electoral institutions. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY CATHERINE CORRIVEAU | November 7, 2024
Opinion | BY CATHERINE CORRIVEAU | November 7, 2024
Stéphane Perrault
Canada's Chief Electoral Officer Stephane Perrault. Recent Elections Canada research shows that Canadians place strong trust in their electoral institutions. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY ÉRIC BLAIS | November 7, 2024
Justin Trudeau has appeared unguarded in recent podcasts, writes Éric Blais, with the prime minister telling one interviewer he thinks about quitting, and it’s ‘human’ to ‘doubt it every day.’ The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY ÉRIC BLAIS | November 7, 2024
Opinion | BY ÉRIC BLAIS | November 7, 2024
Justin Trudeau has appeared unguarded in recent podcasts, writes Éric Blais, with the prime minister telling one interviewer he thinks about quitting, and it’s ‘human’ to ‘doubt it every day.’ The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY DAVID CRANE | November 7, 2024
Donald Trump
Donald Trump’s imminent return to the White House may be what it finally takes to shake Canada out of its complacency and too easy reliance on the U.S., for trade, finance, technology or defence, forcing our own businesses to be more innovative, writes David Crane. Photograph courtesy of Gage Skidmore/Flickr
Opinion | BY DAVID CRANE | November 7, 2024
Opinion | BY DAVID CRANE | November 7, 2024
Donald Trump
Donald Trump’s imminent return to the White House may be what it finally takes to shake Canada out of its complacency and too easy reliance on the U.S., for trade, finance, technology or defence, forcing our own businesses to be more innovative, writes David Crane. Photograph courtesy of Gage Skidmore/Flickr
News | BY LAURA RYCKEWAERT | November 7, 2024
The Centre Block building
A planned new tunnel network is set to connect the Centre Block and other buildings on Parliament Hill with precinct buildings south of Wellington Street. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY LAURA RYCKEWAERT | November 7, 2024
News | BY LAURA RYCKEWAERT | November 7, 2024
The Centre Block building
A planned new tunnel network is set to connect the Centre Block and other buildings on Parliament Hill with precinct buildings south of Wellington Street. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY GWYNNE DYER | November 7, 2024
A big factor in Donald Trump’s spectacular comeback—the dog-whistle racism that so many older white males responded to—is due to a period of demographic transition which will pass, writes Gwynn Dyer. Wikimedia Commons photograph
Opinion | BY GWYNNE DYER | November 7, 2024
Opinion | BY GWYNNE DYER | November 7, 2024
A big factor in Donald Trump’s spectacular comeback—the dog-whistle racism that so many older white males responded to—is due to a period of demographic transition which will pass, writes Gwynn Dyer. Wikimedia Commons photograph
Jerry DeMarco
Environment Commissioner Jerry DeMarco will release new audits of the government's environmental programs today. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Jerry DeMarco
Environment Commissioner Jerry DeMarco will release new audits of the government's environmental programs today. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Deputy Prime Minister Chrystia Freeland speaks with reporters on Nov. 6. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Deputy Prime Minister Chrystia Freeland speaks with reporters on Nov. 6. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY NEIL MOSS, IAN CAMPBELL | November 6, 2024
United States president-elect Donald Trump will return to the White House in January 2025, after winning the Nov. 5 presidential election. Photograph courtesy of Wikimedia Commons
News | BY NEIL MOSS, IAN CAMPBELL | November 6, 2024
News | BY NEIL MOSS, IAN CAMPBELL | November 6, 2024
United States president-elect Donald Trump will return to the White House in January 2025, after winning the Nov. 5 presidential election. Photograph courtesy of Wikimedia Commons