Thursday, July 10, 2025

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Thursday, July 10, 2025 | Latest Paper

Louise Brown

Opinion | BY GWYNNE DYER | July 10, 2025
Most American political analysts have dismissed the electoral prospects of Elon Musk’s new political party, writes Gwynne Dyer. Photograph courtesy of the White House/Flickr
Opinion | BY GWYNNE DYER | July 10, 2025
Opinion | BY GWYNNE DYER | July 10, 2025
Most American political analysts have dismissed the electoral prospects of Elon Musk’s new political party, writes Gwynne Dyer. Photograph courtesy of the White House/Flickr
AFN National Chief Cindy Woodhouse Nepinak has called a forum for First Nations leaders today on the government's Building Canada Act. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
AFN National Chief Cindy Woodhouse Nepinak has called a forum for First Nations leaders today on the government's Building Canada Act. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY RAM MATHILAKATH | July 9, 2025
On July 9 Treasury Board President Shafqat Ali launched a ‘red tape review’ of regulations across federal departments and agencies. It’s one of several ways the government can make operations more efficient as the Liberals launch a broad spending review, writes Ram Mathilakath. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY RAM MATHILAKATH | July 9, 2025
Opinion | BY RAM MATHILAKATH | July 9, 2025
On July 9 Treasury Board President Shafqat Ali launched a ‘red tape review’ of regulations across federal departments and agencies. It’s one of several ways the government can make operations more efficient as the Liberals launch a broad spending review, writes Ram Mathilakath. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY DOROTHY DOBBIE | July 9, 2025
Part of the Hudson Bay shoreline in Churchill, Man. Port Nelson is more accessible in the winter, and several port facilities could be built to handle all sorts of commodities, writes Dorothy Dobbie. Photograph courtesy of Wikimedia Commons
Opinion | BY DOROTHY DOBBIE | July 9, 2025
Opinion | BY DOROTHY DOBBIE | July 9, 2025
Part of the Hudson Bay shoreline in Churchill, Man. Port Nelson is more accessible in the winter, and several port facilities could be built to handle all sorts of commodities, writes Dorothy Dobbie. Photograph courtesy of Wikimedia Commons
News | BY NEIL MOSS | July 9, 2025
Defence Minister David McGuinty indicated in June that the pay raise for military members would be immediate. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY NEIL MOSS | July 9, 2025
News | BY NEIL MOSS | July 9, 2025
Defence Minister David McGuinty indicated in June that the pay raise for military members would be immediate. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY NEIL MOSS | July 9, 2025
Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney campaigned on an 'elbows up' response to U.S. President Donald Trump. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY NEIL MOSS | July 9, 2025
News | BY NEIL MOSS | July 9, 2025
Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney campaigned on an 'elbows up' response to U.S. President Donald Trump. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Not everyone who sits in the Senate agrees with each other, but they share a belief that this country is worth the hard work, writes ISG Senator Farah Mohamed. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Not everyone who sits in the Senate agrees with each other, but they share a belief that this country is worth the hard work, writes ISG Senator Farah Mohamed. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY EDITORIAL | July 9, 2025
The Canadian government has been saddled with getting the best possible deal for the country with U.S. President Donald Trump. White House photograph by Daniel Torok
Opinion | BY EDITORIAL | July 9, 2025
Opinion | BY EDITORIAL | July 9, 2025
The Canadian government has been saddled with getting the best possible deal for the country with U.S. President Donald Trump. White House photograph by Daniel Torok
First Nations chiefs, proxies, council members, regional chiefs, and technicians are invited to a virtual dialogue on the federal government’s amended Bill C-5: An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act on Thursday, July 10. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
First Nations chiefs, proxies, council members, regional chiefs, and technicians are invited to a virtual dialogue on the federal government’s amended Bill C-5: An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act on Thursday, July 10. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY KETTY NIVYABANDI | July 9, 2025
Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney. It’s too early to tell whether the Canadian government’s May statement signals a meaningful shift toward a 'human rights first' approach to Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories, writes Ketty Nivyabandi. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY KETTY NIVYABANDI | July 9, 2025
Opinion | BY KETTY NIVYABANDI | July 9, 2025
Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney. It’s too early to tell whether the Canadian government’s May statement signals a meaningful shift toward a 'human rights first' approach to Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories, writes Ketty Nivyabandi. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | July 9, 2025
Image courtesy of Pexels
Opinion | July 9, 2025
Opinion | July 9, 2025
Image courtesy of Pexels
Opinion | July 9, 2025
Image courtesy of Pexels
Opinion | July 9, 2025
Opinion | July 9, 2025
Image courtesy of Pexels
Minister Chrystia Freeland is taking part in a high-profile meeting on internal trade in Quebec City today. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Minister Chrystia Freeland is taking part in a high-profile meeting on internal trade in Quebec City today. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY MARLO GLASS | July 7, 2025
Transport Minister Chrystia Freeland, left, and Infrastructure Minister Gregor Robertson have been called to testify before the House Transport, Infrastructure, and Communities Committee. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade, Sam Garcia
News | BY MARLO GLASS | July 7, 2025
News | BY MARLO GLASS | July 7, 2025
Transport Minister Chrystia Freeland, left, and Infrastructure Minister Gregor Robertson have been called to testify before the House Transport, Infrastructure, and Communities Committee. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade, Sam Garcia
FeatureBY LAURA RYCKEWAERT | July 7, 2025
Canada-U.S Trade, One Canadian Economy, and Intergovernmental Affairs Minister and Privy Council President Dominic LeBlanc, centre, has 15 staffers confirmed in his office so far. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
FeatureBY LAURA RYCKEWAERT | July 7, 2025
FeatureBY LAURA RYCKEWAERT | July 7, 2025
Canada-U.S Trade, One Canadian Economy, and Intergovernmental Affairs Minister and Privy Council President Dominic LeBlanc, centre, has 15 staffers confirmed in his office so far. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY KYRA WILSON | July 7, 2025
Rebecca Alty, Mark Carney
Crown-Indigenous Relations Minister Rebecca Alty, left, and Prime Minister Mark Carney. First Nations cannot be the only group held back by outdated legislation, and an unaccountable bureaucracy, writes Grand Chief Kyra Wilson. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY KYRA WILSON | July 7, 2025
Opinion | BY KYRA WILSON | July 7, 2025
Rebecca Alty, Mark Carney
Crown-Indigenous Relations Minister Rebecca Alty, left, and Prime Minister Mark Carney. First Nations cannot be the only group held back by outdated legislation, and an unaccountable bureaucracy, writes Grand Chief Kyra Wilson. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY AMANDA THERRIEN | July 7, 2025
Patty Hajdu
Jobs and Families Minister Patty Hajdu. The messaging from the federal government regarding the Canada Disability Benefit’s intended purpose has been inconsistent, writes Amanda Therrien. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY AMANDA THERRIEN | July 7, 2025
Opinion | BY AMANDA THERRIEN | July 7, 2025
Patty Hajdu
Jobs and Families Minister Patty Hajdu. The messaging from the federal government regarding the Canada Disability Benefit’s intended purpose has been inconsistent, writes Amanda Therrien. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
The Fourth of July celebrations were held at the ambassador's official residence. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
FeatureBY SAM GARCIA | July 7, 2025
The Fourth of July celebrations were held at the ambassador's official residence. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
News | BY JESSE CNOCKAERT | July 7, 2025
Canada-United States Trade and Intergovernmental Affairs Minister Dominic LeBlanc said in a June 26 press release that the One Canadian Economy Act 'will help attract investment in big nation-building projects that create good-paying jobs, connect our country, and ultimately reduce our reliance on the United States.' The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY JESSE CNOCKAERT | July 7, 2025
News | BY JESSE CNOCKAERT | July 7, 2025
Canada-United States Trade and Intergovernmental Affairs Minister Dominic LeBlanc said in a June 26 press release that the One Canadian Economy Act 'will help attract investment in big nation-building projects that create good-paying jobs, connect our country, and ultimately reduce our reliance on the United States.' The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY SHEILA COPPS | July 7, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney, left, cannot afford to give into American demands on supply management, writes Sheila Copps. The long-standing Canadian policy already has the support of the Bloc Québécois, led by Yves-François Blanchet, centre, and the Conservative Party, led by Pierre Pierre Poilievre. The Hill Times photographs by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY SHEILA COPPS | July 7, 2025
Opinion | BY SHEILA COPPS | July 7, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney, left, cannot afford to give into American demands on supply management, writes Sheila Copps. The long-standing Canadian policy already has the support of the Bloc Québécois, led by Yves-François Blanchet, centre, and the Conservative Party, led by Pierre Pierre Poilievre. The Hill Times photographs by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY DAVID CRANE | July 7, 2025
Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney, left, meets with U.S. President Donald Trump in the White House's Oval Office on May 6, 2025. Photograph courtesy of Flickr/The White House (Official White House Photo by Daniel Torok)
Opinion | BY DAVID CRANE | July 7, 2025
Opinion | BY DAVID CRANE | July 7, 2025
Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney, left, meets with U.S. President Donald Trump in the White House's Oval Office on May 6, 2025. Photograph courtesy of Flickr/The White House (Official White House Photo by Daniel Torok)
Opinion | July 7, 2025
typewriter
Image courtesy of Pexels.com
Opinion | July 7, 2025
Opinion | July 7, 2025
typewriter
Image courtesy of Pexels.com
Opinion | July 7, 2025
typewriter
Image courtesy of Pexels.com
Opinion | July 7, 2025
Opinion | July 7, 2025
typewriter
Image courtesy of Pexels.com
FeatureBY CHRISTINA LEADLAY | July 7, 2025
Anaida Poilievre, wife of the leader of the Conservative Party, says Mark Manson's book has inspired her not to waste her time on letting social media comments bring her down. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
FeatureBY CHRISTINA LEADLAY | July 7, 2025
FeatureBY CHRISTINA LEADLAY | July 7, 2025
Anaida Poilievre, wife of the leader of the Conservative Party, says Mark Manson's book has inspired her not to waste her time on letting social media comments bring her down. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
Opinion | BY NELSON WISEMAN | July 7, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney , pictured on May 25, 2025, on the Hill, is promising dramatic productivity growth and to build the fastest growing economy in the G7. These are high bars, writes Nelson Wiseman. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY NELSON WISEMAN | July 7, 2025
Opinion | BY NELSON WISEMAN | July 7, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney , pictured on May 25, 2025, on the Hill, is promising dramatic productivity growth and to build the fastest growing economy in the G7. These are high bars, writes Nelson Wiseman. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Painted woman
The Macdonald-Laurier Institute is hosting a webinar: 'AI Policy in Canada: A Unique Path Between the EU and U.S.,' exploring key legislative developments, evolving regulatory frameworks, and their implications for innovation, privacy, equity, and global competitiveness. Monday, July 7, at 1 p.m. ET happening online. Register via Eventbrite. Image courtesy of Pixabay
Painted woman
The Macdonald-Laurier Institute is hosting a webinar: 'AI Policy in Canada: A Unique Path Between the EU and U.S.,' exploring key legislative developments, evolving regulatory frameworks, and their implications for innovation, privacy, equity, and global competitiveness. Monday, July 7, at 1 p.m. ET happening online. Register via Eventbrite. Image courtesy of Pixabay
Opinion | BY BRUCE CAMPBELL | July 6, 2025
Twelve years after the Lac-Mégantic rail disaster, the lessons have not been learned in terms of preventing future disasters, writes Bruce Campbell. Photograph courtesy of the Transportation Safety of Board Canada/Flickr
Opinion | BY BRUCE CAMPBELL | July 6, 2025
Opinion | BY BRUCE CAMPBELL | July 6, 2025
Twelve years after the Lac-Mégantic rail disaster, the lessons have not been learned in terms of preventing future disasters, writes Bruce Campbell. Photograph courtesy of the Transportation Safety of Board Canada/Flickr
Opinion | BY TIM POWERS | May 28, 2025
Conservative MP Jonathan Rowe, left, and Liberal candidate Anthony Germain both demonstrated great class and decency towards each other over the course of their recount ordeal. Photographs courtesy of the the Conservative Party and Liberal Party
Opinion | BY TIM POWERS | May 28, 2025
Opinion | BY TIM POWERS | May 28, 2025
Conservative MP Jonathan Rowe, left, and Liberal candidate Anthony Germain both demonstrated great class and decency towards each other over the course of their recount ordeal. Photographs courtesy of the the Conservative Party and Liberal Party
Opinion | BY ANDREW CADDELL | May 28, 2025
Prince Charles
King Charles III read the Carney government’s Throne Speech on May 27. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY ANDREW CADDELL | May 28, 2025
Opinion | BY ANDREW CADDELL | May 28, 2025
Prince Charles
King Charles III read the Carney government’s Throne Speech on May 27. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY KEN RUBIN | May 28, 2025
Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney said his ministers needed to ‘identify how specifically’ they could contribute to the seven general priorities and report back to him, but not the public, writes Ken Rubin. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY KEN RUBIN | May 28, 2025
Opinion | BY KEN RUBIN | May 28, 2025
Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney said his ministers needed to ‘identify how specifically’ they could contribute to the seven general priorities and report back to him, but not the public, writes Ken Rubin. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY LES WHITTINGTON | May 28, 2025
Donald Trump
U.S. President Donald Trump’s last trip to Canada was for the G7 Leaders’ Summit in 2018. White House photograph by Shealah Craighead
Opinion | BY LES WHITTINGTON | May 28, 2025
Opinion | BY LES WHITTINGTON | May 28, 2025
Donald Trump
U.S. President Donald Trump’s last trip to Canada was for the G7 Leaders’ Summit in 2018. White House photograph by Shealah Craighead
Mike Pompeo
Former U.S. secretary of state Mike Pompeo will deliver an opening day keynote presentation at the annual CANSEC conference in Ottawa on May 28. State Department photograph by Freddie Everett
Mike Pompeo
Former U.S. secretary of state Mike Pompeo will deliver an opening day keynote presentation at the annual CANSEC conference in Ottawa on May 28. State Department photograph by Freddie Everett
Opinion | BY CANDACE LARSEN | May 28, 2025
CSG Senator Paul Prosper highlighted First Nations priorities for the federal government to tackle within its first 100 days in a May 12 press conference in Ottawa. Screenshot courtesy of CPAC
Opinion | BY CANDACE LARSEN | May 28, 2025
Opinion | BY CANDACE LARSEN | May 28, 2025
CSG Senator Paul Prosper highlighted First Nations priorities for the federal government to tackle within its first 100 days in a May 12 press conference in Ottawa. Screenshot courtesy of CPAC
Opinion | BY CHARLOTTE DUVAL-LANTOINE | May 28, 2025
David McGuinty
National Defence Minister David McGuinty should sit down with his colleagues and direct the public service to create policies aligned with the needs of service members, writes Charlotte Duval-Lantoine. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY CHARLOTTE DUVAL-LANTOINE | May 28, 2025
Opinion | BY CHARLOTTE DUVAL-LANTOINE | May 28, 2025
David McGuinty
National Defence Minister David McGuinty should sit down with his colleagues and direct the public service to create policies aligned with the needs of service members, writes Charlotte Duval-Lantoine. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY AARON ETTINGER | May 28, 2025
Donald Trump
Everything we’ve seen over the years suggests that acquiescence to U.S. President Donald Trump’s demands will only bring more demands and more degradation, writes Aaron Ettinger. White House photograph by Joyce N. Boghosian
Opinion | BY AARON ETTINGER | May 28, 2025
Opinion | BY AARON ETTINGER | May 28, 2025
Donald Trump
Everything we’ve seen over the years suggests that acquiescence to U.S. President Donald Trump’s demands will only bring more demands and more degradation, writes Aaron Ettinger. White House photograph by Joyce N. Boghosian
Opinion | BY JOHN MCKAY | May 28, 2025
If we truly value our sovereignty, we must stop treating defence spending as a reluctant obligation and start treating it as an investment in national strength, writes John McKay. DND photograph by Master Corporal Mark Wanzel
Opinion | BY JOHN MCKAY | May 28, 2025
Opinion | BY JOHN MCKAY | May 28, 2025
If we truly value our sovereignty, we must stop treating defence spending as a reluctant obligation and start treating it as an investment in national strength, writes John McKay. DND photograph by Master Corporal Mark Wanzel
Opinion | BY ANDREW ERSKINE | May 28, 2025
Ottawa must be bolder in addressing its overall indirect fire shortcomings while pursuing options to replace the outdated M777 howitzers, writes Andrew Erskine. DND photograph by Corporal Stéphanie Labossière
Opinion | BY ANDREW ERSKINE | May 28, 2025
Opinion | BY ANDREW ERSKINE | May 28, 2025
Ottawa must be bolder in addressing its overall indirect fire shortcomings while pursuing options to replace the outdated M777 howitzers, writes Andrew Erskine. DND photograph by Corporal Stéphanie Labossière
Opinion | BY ALISTAIR EDGAR | May 28, 2025
Step 1 for defence procurement reform in Canada would be to reach a clear political commitment at the federal level to a national defence policy, writes Alistair Edgar. DND photograph by Corporal Morgan LeBlanc
Opinion | BY ALISTAIR EDGAR | May 28, 2025
Opinion | BY ALISTAIR EDGAR | May 28, 2025
Step 1 for defence procurement reform in Canada would be to reach a clear political commitment at the federal level to a national defence policy, writes Alistair Edgar. DND photograph by Corporal Morgan LeBlanc
Opinion | BY DAVID PRATT | May 28, 2025
Stephen Fuhr
At the top of Secretary of State Stephen Fuhr’s priority list should be changing our de-centralized approach to defence procurement, writes David Pratt. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
Opinion | BY DAVID PRATT | May 28, 2025
Opinion | BY DAVID PRATT | May 28, 2025
Stephen Fuhr
At the top of Secretary of State Stephen Fuhr’s priority list should be changing our de-centralized approach to defence procurement, writes David Pratt. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
Opinion | BY NICOLAS TODD | May 28, 2025
Stephen Fuhr
Liberal MP Stephen Fuhr is the government’s new secretary of state for defence procurement. The prime minister’s defence industrial philosophy is much more relevant for the times than that of his predecessor, writes Nicolas Todd. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY NICOLAS TODD | May 28, 2025
Opinion | BY NICOLAS TODD | May 28, 2025
Stephen Fuhr
Liberal MP Stephen Fuhr is the government’s new secretary of state for defence procurement. The prime minister’s defence industrial philosophy is much more relevant for the times than that of his predecessor, writes Nicolas Todd. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
If Canada is to meet ambitious defence spending goals while also supercharging its technology sectors, it needs civil-military synergy, write Michael P.A. Murphy, Tracey Forrest, and Paul Samson. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
If Canada is to meet ambitious defence spending goals while also supercharging its technology sectors, it needs civil-military synergy, write Michael P.A. Murphy, Tracey Forrest, and Paul Samson. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY ADAM CHAPNICK | May 28, 2025
Donald Trump.
U.S. President Donald Trump’s administration seems to question, if not reject, the very idea that co-operation with other states on an equitable basis serves its national interests, writes Adam Chapnick. Photograph courtesy of of Flickr/The White House
Opinion | BY ADAM CHAPNICK | May 28, 2025
Opinion | BY ADAM CHAPNICK | May 28, 2025
Donald Trump.
U.S. President Donald Trump’s administration seems to question, if not reject, the very idea that co-operation with other states on an equitable basis serves its national interests, writes Adam Chapnick. Photograph courtesy of of Flickr/The White House
FeatureBY CHRISTINA LEADLAY | May 28, 2025
Following a mea culpa by Elections Canada, which is run by Chief Electoral Officer Stéphane Perrault, left, Nathalie Sinclair-Desgagné has filed a Superior Court challenge saying the agency needs to re-do the election in Terrebonne, Que., where she lost her seat by a single vote. The Hill Times photographs by Andrew Meade
FeatureBY CHRISTINA LEADLAY | May 28, 2025
FeatureBY CHRISTINA LEADLAY | May 28, 2025
Following a mea culpa by Elections Canada, which is run by Chief Electoral Officer Stéphane Perrault, left, Nathalie Sinclair-Desgagné has filed a Superior Court challenge saying the agency needs to re-do the election in Terrebonne, Que., where she lost her seat by a single vote. The Hill Times photographs by Andrew Meade
Andrew Scheer, the opposition leader in the House of Commons, will tell us what he really thinks of the government's Throne Speech during a debate today. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Andrew Scheer, the opposition leader in the House of Commons, will tell us what he really thinks of the government's Throne Speech during a debate today. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY LAURA RYCKEWAERT | May 28, 2025
A person walks past the Queen’s Gate on April 23, 2025.
A pedestrian walks past the main gates to Parliament Hill. Known as the Queen's Gate, the wrought iron gates were removed for restoration in March 2024. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY LAURA RYCKEWAERT | May 28, 2025
News | BY LAURA RYCKEWAERT | May 28, 2025
A person walks past the Queen’s Gate on April 23, 2025.
A pedestrian walks past the main gates to Parliament Hill. Known as the Queen's Gate, the wrought iron gates were removed for restoration in March 2024. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
FeatureBY RIDDHI KACHHELA | May 27, 2025
King Charles and Queen Camila laid a wreath on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at the National War Memorial after the Throne Speech on May 27. The Hill Times Photograph by Andrew Meade
FeatureBY RIDDHI KACHHELA | May 27, 2025
FeatureBY RIDDHI KACHHELA | May 27, 2025
King Charles and Queen Camila laid a wreath on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at the National War Memorial after the Throne Speech on May 27. The Hill Times Photograph by Andrew Meade
King Charles speaks with a member of the Royal Canadian Regiment honour guard after arriving at the Senate of Canada Building on May 27. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
FeatureBY ANDREW MEADE | May 27, 2025
King Charles speaks with a member of the Royal Canadian Regiment honour guard after arriving at the Senate of Canada Building on May 27. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade