Thursday, July 10, 2025

Canada’s Politics and Government News Source Since 1989

Thursday, July 10, 2025 | Latest Paper

Kathryn Ritter and Anna Berneiser

Opinion | BY ANDY HIRA | July 10, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney’s current approach of appeasing our fossil fuel-producing provinces is based on short-term logic, writes Andy Hira. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY ANDY HIRA | July 10, 2025
Opinion | BY ANDY HIRA | July 10, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney’s current approach of appeasing our fossil fuel-producing provinces is based on short-term logic, writes Andy Hira. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY ELEANOR WAND | July 10, 2025
Don Davies
After April’s election resulted in a devastating loss for the NDP, the party appointed Don Davies as interim leader, as New Democrats prepare for a leadership race while battling infighting among party management and grassroots supporters. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY ELEANOR WAND | July 10, 2025
News | BY ELEANOR WAND | July 10, 2025
Don Davies
After April’s election resulted in a devastating loss for the NDP, the party appointed Don Davies as interim leader, as New Democrats prepare for a leadership race while battling infighting among party management and grassroots supporters. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY RIDDHI KACHHELA, MARLO GLASS | July 10, 2025
Liberal and Conservative Party supporters gather outside the federal leaders' debate venue in Montreal on April 17. Green Leader Elizabeth May says she's 'very concerned' about the future of the Leaders’ Debates Commission. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY RIDDHI KACHHELA, MARLO GLASS | July 10, 2025
News | BY RIDDHI KACHHELA, MARLO GLASS | July 10, 2025
Liberal and Conservative Party supporters gather outside the federal leaders' debate venue in Montreal on April 17. Green Leader Elizabeth May says she's 'very concerned' about the future of the Leaders’ Debates Commission. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY GWYNNE DYER | July 10, 2025
Most American political analysts have dismissed the electoral prospects of Elon Musk’s new political party, writes Gwynne Dyer. Photograph courtesy of the White House/Flickr
Opinion | BY GWYNNE DYER | July 10, 2025
Opinion | BY GWYNNE DYER | July 10, 2025
Most American political analysts have dismissed the electoral prospects of Elon Musk’s new political party, writes Gwynne Dyer. Photograph courtesy of the White House/Flickr
AFN National Chief Cindy Woodhouse Nepinak has called a forum for First Nations leaders today on the government's Building Canada Act. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
AFN National Chief Cindy Woodhouse Nepinak has called a forum for First Nations leaders today on the government's Building Canada Act. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY RAM MATHILAKATH | July 9, 2025
Liberal MP Shafqat Ali
On July 9 Treasury Board President Shafqat Ali launched a ‘red tape review’ of regulations across federal departments and agencies. It’s one of several ways the government can make operations more efficient as the Liberals launch a broad spending review, writes Ram Mathilakath. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY RAM MATHILAKATH | July 9, 2025
Opinion | BY RAM MATHILAKATH | July 9, 2025
Liberal MP Shafqat Ali
On July 9 Treasury Board President Shafqat Ali launched a ‘red tape review’ of regulations across federal departments and agencies. It’s one of several ways the government can make operations more efficient as the Liberals launch a broad spending review, writes Ram Mathilakath. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY DOROTHY DOBBIE | July 9, 2025
Part of the Hudson Bay shoreline in Churchill, Man. Port Nelson is more accessible in the winter, and several port facilities could be built to handle all sorts of commodities, writes Dorothy Dobbie. Photograph courtesy of Wikimedia Commons
Opinion | BY DOROTHY DOBBIE | July 9, 2025
Opinion | BY DOROTHY DOBBIE | July 9, 2025
Part of the Hudson Bay shoreline in Churchill, Man. Port Nelson is more accessible in the winter, and several port facilities could be built to handle all sorts of commodities, writes Dorothy Dobbie. Photograph courtesy of Wikimedia Commons
News | BY NEIL MOSS | July 9, 2025
Defence Minister David McGuinty indicated in June that the pay raise for military members would be immediate. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY NEIL MOSS | July 9, 2025
News | BY NEIL MOSS | July 9, 2025
Defence Minister David McGuinty indicated in June that the pay raise for military members would be immediate. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY NEIL MOSS | July 9, 2025
Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney campaigned on an 'elbows up' response to U.S. President Donald Trump. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY NEIL MOSS | July 9, 2025
News | BY NEIL MOSS | July 9, 2025
Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney campaigned on an 'elbows up' response to U.S. President Donald Trump. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Not everyone who sits in the Senate agrees with each other, but they share a belief that this country is worth the hard work, writes ISG Senator Farah Mohamed. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Not everyone who sits in the Senate agrees with each other, but they share a belief that this country is worth the hard work, writes ISG Senator Farah Mohamed. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY EDITORIAL | July 9, 2025
The Canadian government has been saddled with getting the best possible deal for the country with U.S. President Donald Trump. White House photograph by Daniel Torok
Opinion | BY EDITORIAL | July 9, 2025
Opinion | BY EDITORIAL | July 9, 2025
The Canadian government has been saddled with getting the best possible deal for the country with U.S. President Donald Trump. White House photograph by Daniel Torok
First Nations chiefs, proxies, council members, regional chiefs, and technicians are invited to a virtual dialogue on the federal government’s amended Bill C-5: An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act on Thursday, July 10. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
First Nations chiefs, proxies, council members, regional chiefs, and technicians are invited to a virtual dialogue on the federal government’s amended Bill C-5: An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act on Thursday, July 10. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY KETTY NIVYABANDI | July 9, 2025
Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney. It’s too early to tell whether the Canadian government’s May statement signals a meaningful shift toward a 'human rights first' approach to Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories, writes Ketty Nivyabandi. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY KETTY NIVYABANDI | July 9, 2025
Opinion | BY KETTY NIVYABANDI | July 9, 2025
Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney. It’s too early to tell whether the Canadian government’s May statement signals a meaningful shift toward a 'human rights first' approach to Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories, writes Ketty Nivyabandi. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | July 9, 2025
Image courtesy of Pexels
Opinion | July 9, 2025
Opinion | July 9, 2025
Image courtesy of Pexels
Opinion | July 9, 2025
Image courtesy of Pexels
Opinion | July 9, 2025
Opinion | July 9, 2025
Image courtesy of Pexels
Minister Chrystia Freeland is taking part in a high-profile meeting on internal trade in Quebec City today. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Minister Chrystia Freeland is taking part in a high-profile meeting on internal trade in Quebec City today. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY MARLO GLASS | July 7, 2025
Transport Minister Chrystia Freeland, left, and Infrastructure Minister Gregor Robertson have been called to testify before the House Transport, Infrastructure, and Communities Committee. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade, Sam Garcia
News | BY MARLO GLASS | July 7, 2025
News | BY MARLO GLASS | July 7, 2025
Transport Minister Chrystia Freeland, left, and Infrastructure Minister Gregor Robertson have been called to testify before the House Transport, Infrastructure, and Communities Committee. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade, Sam Garcia
FeatureBY LAURA RYCKEWAERT | July 7, 2025
Canada-U.S Trade, One Canadian Economy, and Intergovernmental Affairs Minister and Privy Council President Dominic LeBlanc, centre, has 15 staffers confirmed in his office so far. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
FeatureBY LAURA RYCKEWAERT | July 7, 2025
FeatureBY LAURA RYCKEWAERT | July 7, 2025
Canada-U.S Trade, One Canadian Economy, and Intergovernmental Affairs Minister and Privy Council President Dominic LeBlanc, centre, has 15 staffers confirmed in his office so far. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY KYRA WILSON | July 7, 2025
Rebecca Alty, Mark Carney
Crown-Indigenous Relations Minister Rebecca Alty, left, and Prime Minister Mark Carney. First Nations cannot be the only group held back by outdated legislation, and an unaccountable bureaucracy, writes Grand Chief Kyra Wilson. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY KYRA WILSON | July 7, 2025
Opinion | BY KYRA WILSON | July 7, 2025
Rebecca Alty, Mark Carney
Crown-Indigenous Relations Minister Rebecca Alty, left, and Prime Minister Mark Carney. First Nations cannot be the only group held back by outdated legislation, and an unaccountable bureaucracy, writes Grand Chief Kyra Wilson. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY AMANDA THERRIEN | July 7, 2025
Patty Hajdu
Jobs and Families Minister Patty Hajdu. The messaging from the federal government regarding the Canada Disability Benefit’s intended purpose has been inconsistent, writes Amanda Therrien. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY AMANDA THERRIEN | July 7, 2025
Opinion | BY AMANDA THERRIEN | July 7, 2025
Patty Hajdu
Jobs and Families Minister Patty Hajdu. The messaging from the federal government regarding the Canada Disability Benefit’s intended purpose has been inconsistent, writes Amanda Therrien. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
The Fourth of July celebrations were held at the ambassador's official residence. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
FeatureBY SAM GARCIA | July 7, 2025
The Fourth of July celebrations were held at the ambassador's official residence. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
News | BY JESSE CNOCKAERT | July 7, 2025
Canada-United States Trade and Intergovernmental Affairs Minister Dominic LeBlanc said in a June 26 press release that the One Canadian Economy Act 'will help attract investment in big nation-building projects that create good-paying jobs, connect our country, and ultimately reduce our reliance on the United States.' The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY JESSE CNOCKAERT | July 7, 2025
News | BY JESSE CNOCKAERT | July 7, 2025
Canada-United States Trade and Intergovernmental Affairs Minister Dominic LeBlanc said in a June 26 press release that the One Canadian Economy Act 'will help attract investment in big nation-building projects that create good-paying jobs, connect our country, and ultimately reduce our reliance on the United States.' The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY SHEILA COPPS | July 7, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney, left, cannot afford to give into American demands on supply management, writes Sheila Copps. The long-standing Canadian policy already has the support of the Bloc Québécois, led by Yves-François Blanchet, centre, and the Conservative Party, led by Pierre Pierre Poilievre. The Hill Times photographs by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY SHEILA COPPS | July 7, 2025
Opinion | BY SHEILA COPPS | July 7, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney, left, cannot afford to give into American demands on supply management, writes Sheila Copps. The long-standing Canadian policy already has the support of the Bloc Québécois, led by Yves-François Blanchet, centre, and the Conservative Party, led by Pierre Pierre Poilievre. The Hill Times photographs by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY DAVID CRANE | July 7, 2025
Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney, left, meets with U.S. President Donald Trump in the White House's Oval Office on May 6, 2025. Photograph courtesy of Flickr/The White House (Official White House Photo by Daniel Torok)
Opinion | BY DAVID CRANE | July 7, 2025
Opinion | BY DAVID CRANE | July 7, 2025
Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney, left, meets with U.S. President Donald Trump in the White House's Oval Office on May 6, 2025. Photograph courtesy of Flickr/The White House (Official White House Photo by Daniel Torok)
Opinion | July 7, 2025
typewriter
Image courtesy of Pexels.com
Opinion | July 7, 2025
Opinion | July 7, 2025
typewriter
Image courtesy of Pexels.com
Opinion | July 7, 2025
typewriter
Image courtesy of Pexels.com
Opinion | July 7, 2025
Opinion | July 7, 2025
typewriter
Image courtesy of Pexels.com
FeatureBY CHRISTINA LEADLAY | July 7, 2025
Anaida Poilievre, wife of the leader of the Conservative Party, says Mark Manson's book has inspired her not to waste her time on letting social media comments bring her down. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
FeatureBY CHRISTINA LEADLAY | July 7, 2025
FeatureBY CHRISTINA LEADLAY | July 7, 2025
Anaida Poilievre, wife of the leader of the Conservative Party, says Mark Manson's book has inspired her not to waste her time on letting social media comments bring her down. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
Opinion | BY CHRISTOPHER COTTON | June 9, 2025
Building east-west electricity interties is one of the priorities for driving real economic growth, writes Dr. Christopher Cotton, Professor of Economics at Queen’s University. Photograph courtesy of Pok Rie, Pexels.com
Opinion | BY CHRISTOPHER COTTON | June 9, 2025
Opinion | BY CHRISTOPHER COTTON | June 9, 2025
Building east-west electricity interties is one of the priorities for driving real economic growth, writes Dr. Christopher Cotton, Professor of Economics at Queen’s University. Photograph courtesy of Pok Rie, Pexels.com
Opinion | BY DANIEL GALLE | June 9, 2025
By harmonizing regulations, improving labour mobility, and leveraging innovative technologies, Canada can unlock its full economic potential and build a stronger, more resilient, and better-connected nation, writes Daniel Galle, director of infrastructure policy advancement for Canada with Bentley Systems. Photograph courtesy of Pete Linforth, Pixabay.com
Opinion | BY DANIEL GALLE | June 9, 2025
Opinion | BY DANIEL GALLE | June 9, 2025
By harmonizing regulations, improving labour mobility, and leveraging innovative technologies, Canada can unlock its full economic potential and build a stronger, more resilient, and better-connected nation, writes Daniel Galle, director of infrastructure policy advancement for Canada with Bentley Systems. Photograph courtesy of Pete Linforth, Pixabay.com
Opinion | BY RYAN MANUCHA | June 9, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney has committed to tabling legislation by July 1, 2025, to eliminate all federal barriers to interprovincial trade and labour mobility. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY RYAN MANUCHA | June 9, 2025
Opinion | BY RYAN MANUCHA | June 9, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney has committed to tabling legislation by July 1, 2025, to eliminate all federal barriers to interprovincial trade and labour mobility. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY STEPHEN LASKOWSKI | June 9, 2025
To truly increase efficiencies throughout the supply chain, and trucking specifically, the prime minister will need the commitment and political will of the premiers, the ministers of Transportation and mayors, writes Stephen Laskowski, president of the Canadian Trucking Alliance. Photograph courtesy of Tung Lam, Pixabay.com
Opinion | BY STEPHEN LASKOWSKI | June 9, 2025
Opinion | BY STEPHEN LASKOWSKI | June 9, 2025
To truly increase efficiencies throughout the supply chain, and trucking specifically, the prime minister will need the commitment and political will of the premiers, the ministers of Transportation and mayors, writes Stephen Laskowski, president of the Canadian Trucking Alliance. Photograph courtesy of Tung Lam, Pixabay.com
Opinion | BY MOSHE LANDER | June 9, 2025
Only through deeper cooperation and integration can Canada fully achieve its economic potential, writes Moshe Lander, a senior lecturer in economics at Concordia University. Photograph courtesy of Koi Roylers, Pixabay.com
Opinion | BY MOSHE LANDER | June 9, 2025
Opinion | BY MOSHE LANDER | June 9, 2025
Only through deeper cooperation and integration can Canada fully achieve its economic potential, writes Moshe Lander, a senior lecturer in economics at Concordia University. Photograph courtesy of Koi Roylers, Pixabay.com
FeatureBY TESSIE SANCI | June 9, 2025
Health Minister Marjorie Michel sits for an interview with The Hill Times in West Block on May 29, 2025. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
FeatureBY TESSIE SANCI | June 9, 2025
FeatureBY TESSIE SANCI | June 9, 2025
Health Minister Marjorie Michel sits for an interview with The Hill Times in West Block on May 29, 2025. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
FeatureBY CHRISTINA LEADLAY | June 9, 2025
CBC News producer Sharon Musgrave, right, with her husband Tim Alp, at the Hope Live event in Ottawa in 2009. The Hill Times photograph by Jake Wright
FeatureBY CHRISTINA LEADLAY | June 9, 2025
FeatureBY CHRISTINA LEADLAY | June 9, 2025
CBC News producer Sharon Musgrave, right, with her husband Tim Alp, at the Hope Live event in Ottawa in 2009. The Hill Times photograph by Jake Wright
Opinion | BY EDITORIAL | June 9, 2025
Emergency Management Minister Eleanor Olszewski speaks with reporters in the House foyer before Question Period on June 3, 2025, about the government’s response to the wildfires in Western Canada. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY EDITORIAL | June 9, 2025
Opinion | BY EDITORIAL | June 9, 2025
Emergency Management Minister Eleanor Olszewski speaks with reporters in the House foyer before Question Period on June 3, 2025, about the government’s response to the wildfires in Western Canada. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY CHRISTOPHER GULY | June 9, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney speaks with reporters outside the Liberal party caucus meeting in the West Block on June 4, 2025. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY CHRISTOPHER GULY | June 9, 2025
News | BY CHRISTOPHER GULY | June 9, 2025
Prime Minister Mark Carney speaks with reporters outside the Liberal party caucus meeting in the West Block on June 4, 2025. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | June 9, 2025
typewriter
Image courtesy of Pexels.com
Opinion | June 9, 2025
Opinion | June 9, 2025
typewriter
Image courtesy of Pexels.com
Opinion | BY MICHAEL HARRIS | June 9, 2025
Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre, pictured on March 21, 2025, making an announcement at LiUNA local 527 training centre in Nepean, Ont., to support training 350,000 new trades workers. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY MICHAEL HARRIS | June 9, 2025
Opinion | BY MICHAEL HARRIS | June 9, 2025
Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre, pictured on March 21, 2025, making an announcement at LiUNA local 527 training centre in Nepean, Ont., to support training 350,000 new trades workers. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | June 9, 2025
typewriter
Image courtesy of Pixabay
Opinion | June 9, 2025
Opinion | June 9, 2025
typewriter
Image courtesy of Pixabay
Opinion | BY DAVID CRANE | June 9, 2025
Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney, pictured May 25, 2025, addressing the Liberal caucus on the Hill. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY DAVID CRANE | June 9, 2025
Opinion | BY DAVID CRANE | June 9, 2025
Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney, pictured May 25, 2025, addressing the Liberal caucus on the Hill. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY SHEILA COPPS | June 9, 2025
Conservative MPs
Newly elected Conservative MP Burton Bailey, who was elected in Red Deer, Alta., left, and David McKenzie, who elected in Calgary Signal Hill, Alta., attend an orientation session put on by House of Commons staff on May 21, 2025. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY SHEILA COPPS | June 9, 2025
Opinion | BY SHEILA COPPS | June 9, 2025
Conservative MPs
Newly elected Conservative MP Burton Bailey, who was elected in Red Deer, Alta., left, and David McKenzie, who elected in Calgary Signal Hill, Alta., attend an orientation session put on by House of Commons staff on May 21, 2025. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY GERRY NICHOLLS | June 9, 2025
Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre, left, and Prime Minister Mark Carney. Political parties may have their differences, but when it comes to fundraising, they all share the same principles, writes Gerry Nicholls. The Hill Times photographs by Andrew Meade and illustration by Naomi Wildeboer
Opinion | BY GERRY NICHOLLS | June 9, 2025
Opinion | BY GERRY NICHOLLS | June 9, 2025
Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre, left, and Prime Minister Mark Carney. Political parties may have their differences, but when it comes to fundraising, they all share the same principles, writes Gerry Nicholls. The Hill Times photographs by Andrew Meade and illustration by Naomi Wildeboer
Opinion | BY ELISABETH GOSSELIN-MALO | June 9, 2025
U.S. President Donald Trump, left, greets Prime Minister Mark Carney on May 6, 2025, at the West Wing entrance of the White House. Official White House photograph courtesy of Gabriel B. Kotico
Opinion | BY ELISABETH GOSSELIN-MALO | June 9, 2025
Opinion | BY ELISABETH GOSSELIN-MALO | June 9, 2025
U.S. President Donald Trump, left, greets Prime Minister Mark Carney on May 6, 2025, at the West Wing entrance of the White House. Official White House photograph courtesy of Gabriel B. Kotico
Opinion | June 9, 2025
typewriter
Photograph courtesy of Pexels.com
Opinion | June 9, 2025
Opinion | June 9, 2025
typewriter
Photograph courtesy of Pexels.com
Opinion | BY NELSON WISEMAN | June 9, 2025
Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney arrives for the Liberal party caucus meeting in West Block on May 25, 2025. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Opinion | BY NELSON WISEMAN | June 9, 2025
Opinion | BY NELSON WISEMAN | June 9, 2025
Mark Carney
Prime Minister Mark Carney arrives for the Liberal party caucus meeting in West Block on May 25, 2025. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Mélanie Joly
Industry Minister Mélanie Joly will deliver remarks in French at a breakfast event hosted by the Chamber of Commerce of Metropolitan Montreal. Wednesday, June 11, 2025 from 8:30 a.m. ET at Fairmont The Queen Elizabeth, 900 René-Lévesque Blvd. W., Montreal. The Hill Times photograph by
Mélanie Joly
Industry Minister Mélanie Joly will deliver remarks in French at a breakfast event hosted by the Chamber of Commerce of Metropolitan Montreal. Wednesday, June 11, 2025 from 8:30 a.m. ET at Fairmont The Queen Elizabeth, 900 René-Lévesque Blvd. W., Montreal. The Hill Times photograph by
News | BY PETER MAZEREEUW | June 6, 2025
Mark Carney
Bill C-4 delivers on Prime Minister Mark Carney’s promised cuts to the lowest income tax bracket, but adds a section related to laws governing the use of Canadians’ personal information that says political parties only have to develop and publish a privacy policy. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
News | BY PETER MAZEREEUW | June 6, 2025
News | BY PETER MAZEREEUW | June 6, 2025
Mark Carney
Bill C-4 delivers on Prime Minister Mark Carney’s promised cuts to the lowest income tax bracket, but adds a section related to laws governing the use of Canadians’ personal information that says political parties only have to develop and publish a privacy policy. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade