ST. JOHN’S, NFLD.—The ocean plays a critical role in the biosphere. Oceans cover more than 70 per cent of Earth’s surface, provide 95 per cent of the livable biosphere, and host the greatest breadth of diversity on our planet. Scientists have described 245,000 marine species, but there are likely between 500,000 and 10 million marine species with four to five new species discovered every day. The deep sea and Arctic Ocean, in particular, continue to reveal unknown organisms. Ocean life produces half the oxygen we breathe, provides significant protein, and helps to moderate global climate. Oceans also support numerous industries and economic opportunities.

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